Resumen: El blastoma pleuropulmonar (BPP) es el tumor pulmonar primario maligno pediátrico más común. Se asocia a variantes patogénicas de línea germinal del gen DICER1. La presentación antenatal es infrecuente y determina un desafío en el diagnóstico diferencial de malformación pulmonar congénita (MPC). Objetivo: comunicar un caso de presentación inhabitual de BPP asociado a síndrome DICER1 y describir la dificultad en diferenciarlo de MPC. Caso Clínico: Paciente masculino con diagnóstico antenatal de lesión pulmonar izquierda hipervascularizada, con desplazamiento medias- tínico y crecimiento progresivo, interpretada como MPC. Nació de 38 semanas y progresó con deterioro ventilatorio. La Tomograña Computada (TC) con contraste mostró una extensa masa quística multilocular con contenido aéreo con efecto de masa. Se realizó lobectomía superior izquierda abierta. La histología fue compatible con BPP tipo I, con bordes negativos y estudio genético para DICER1 positivo. Siete semanas post-resección se pesquisó imagen aérea en la parte superior del tórax izquierdo, requiriendo nueva resección tumoral y segmentectomía superior, con biopsia correspondiente a recidiva de BPP tipo 1 con bordes negativos. Recibió tratamiento adyuvante con quimioterapia, con seguimiento por 2 años, manteniéndose asintomático, sin nuevas recidivas, screening negativo para otras neoplasias asociadas a DICER1. Entre los antecedentes familiares, destacaba cáncer papilar de tiroides de la madre, quien resultó positiva para la mutación. Conclusión: el BPP es un cáncer poco frecuente, siendo difícil distinguirlo de MPC, especialmente en su presentación antenatal. Conocer su asociación al Síndrome DICER1 y hacer estudio genético son claves para detectar precozmente el BPP y buscar otros tumores asociados al síndrome.

Abstract: Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is the most common pediatric malignant primary lung tumor. It’s associated with the DICER1 gene pathogenic germline variants. Antenatal presentation is infrequent and poses a challenge in the differential diagnosis of congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM). Objective: to report a case of unusual presentation of PPB associated with DICER1 syndrome and to describe the difficulty in differentiating it from CPAM. Clinical Case: Male patient with prenatal diagnosis of hypervascular left lung lesion, with mediastinal shift and progressive growth, initially interpreted as CPAM. He was born at 38 weeks, requiring transitory treatment with positive pressure due to ventilatory impairment. A CT scan with contrast showed a large multilocular cystic mass containing air causing mass effect, requiring open left upper lobectomy. Histology results were compatible with type I PPB, with negative margins, and positive genetic study for DICER1 syndrome. Seven weeks post-resection, an aerial image was detected in the upper left side of the chest, with progressive growth, requiring a new tumor resection and upper segmentectomy, with biopsy corresponding to recurrence of type I PPB with negative margins. He received adjuvant treatment with chemotherapy, with follow-up for 2 years, remaining asymptomatic, without recurrence, and with negative screening for other neoplasms associated with DICER1 syndrome. Among the family history, the mother had papillary thyroid cancer and tested positive for the mutation. Conclusion: PPB is a rare cancer, difficult to distinguish from CPAM, especially in its antenatal presentation. Nowing its association with DICER1 syndrome and performing a genetic study are key to the early detection of BPP and the search for other tumors associated with the syndrome.

Abstract: This paper presents a qualitative study carried out with young people from four excluded neighborhoods in Santiago de Chile: La Legua, José María Caro, Lo Hermida and Los Robles. The methodological design involved a variety of data production techniques, allowing us to identify the subjective narratives of their inhabitants, as well as the external perceptions of the neighborhoods. Results suggest that the subjective (or 'from inside') perceptions of young people from excluded neighborhoods incorporate the structural inequality that afflicts them, but they are also critical of this reading, as well as the spatial stigmas imputed to them, qualifying such classifications with biographical experiences associated with positive feelings in their neighborhoods. The paper concludes that the concept of excluded neighborhood requires a dialectic articulation between subjectivity and society, or between an internal and external outlook, in order to open new directions for social change.

Resumen: Se presenta un estudio cualitativo llevado a cabo con jóvenes de cuatro barrios excluidos en Santiago de Chile: La Legua, José María Caro, Lo Hermida y Los Robles. El diseño me todológico involucró una diversidad de técnicas de producción de datos que permitieron identificar los relatos subjetivos de sus habitantes, así como la mirada externa de los ba rrios. Los resultados sugieren que las percepciones subjetivas (o desde adentro) de los/ as jóvenes de barrios excluidos dan cuenta de que reconocen la desigualdad estructural que los/as aqueja, pero son también críticos de esta lectura, y de los estigmas espacia les que se les imputa (desde fuera), matizando tales clasificaciones con experiencias biográficas asociadas a sentimientos positivos en sus barrios. El artículo concluye que el concepto de barrio excluido necesita de la articulación dialéctica entre subjetividad y sociedad, o entre miradas desde adentro y afuera, para abrirse a nuevos procesos de cambio social.

Abstract Callyntra Solier, 1836 is an endemic genus of Chile and Argentina which contains 24 described species. The last phylogenetic analysis of this group suggested a sister lineage of C. cantillana which was hidden under this name, because of their morphological similarity. In this work we describe this new species making a comparative study between sister lineages, using the external morphology and both sex genitalia. Moreover, using the COI gene from 7 specimens we performed a phylogenetic analysis to test the species monophyly. This new species is endemic to the Cantillana mountains, in the Coastal cordillera of Central Chile. Its morphological variability, the crypsis with other species and the relationship with other Callyntra species are discussed.

Resumen Callyntra Solier, 1836 es un género endémico de Chile y Argentina actualmente compuesto por 24 especies descritas. El reciente análisis filogenético de este taxón develó un linaje hermano de C. cantillana, el cual estaba oculto bajo este nombre debido a su sorprendente similitud morfológica. En este trabajo se diagnostica a esta especie nueva realizando un estudio comparativo entre linajes hermanos, utilizando la morfología externa y genitalia de ambos sexos. Adicionalmente, utilizando el gen COI de 7 individuos, se realizó un análisis filogenético para probar la monofilia de la especie. Esta especie nueva es endémica del cordón Cantillana, en la cordillera de la Costa de Chile central. Se discute acerca de su variabilidad morfológica, la cripsis con otras especies y las relaciones filogenéticas dentro de Callyntra.

Abstract The aim of this work is to review the research carried out on the prevention of forest fires in Mediterranean jarales through the enhancement of mycological resources. Cistus ladanifer (jara pringosa) is a Mediterranean pyrophyte scrub widely distributed in the Iberian Peninsula, which is associated with numerous species of fungi, some of which are highly valued, such as the Boletus edulis. Adequate management of these areas would contribute to reduce the risk of fire and increase the economic benefit derived from the use of fungi. Therefore, the main objective of this review is to find the best management practices of Mediterranean ecosystems dominated by C. ladanifer, to increase mycological production and prevent forest fires. An experimental design was established in which they analyzed the communities of fungi associated to different treatments, knowing the diversity and fungal production associated to the ecosystem, under different parameters of management focused on the prevention of fires. The production of the most interesting species was modelled. As a main result, the high fungal diversity associated with these ecosystems was demonstrated, supporting the conservation interest of these habitats. As a general conclusion, it can be deduced that the adequate management of these areas would produce important economic benefits derived from the mycological exploitation in these ecosystems that traditionally have been considered unproductive and are generally found in economically disadvantaged rural areas.

Resumen El trabajo tiene como objetivo revisar la investigación realizada sobre la prevención de incendios forestales en jarales mediterráneos mediante la puesta en valor de los recursos micológicos. Cistus ladanifer (jara pringosa) es un matorral pirófito mediterráneo ampliamente distribuido en la Península Ibérica, que se asocia a numerosas especies de hongos, algunos de los cuales son muy valorados, como el Boletus edulis. Un adecuado manejo de estas zonas contribuiría a disminuir el riesgo de incendio y aumentar el beneficio económico derivado del aprovechamiento de hongos. Por lo tanto, el principal objetivo de esta revisión es encontrar las mejores prácticas de manejo de ecosistemas mediterráneos dominados por C. ladanifer, para incrementar la producción micológica y prevenir los incendios forestales. Se estableció un diseño experimental en el que analizaron las comunidades de hongos asociadas a distintos tratamientos, conociendo la diversidad y producción fúngica asociada al ecosistema, bajo diferentes parámetros de gestión enfocados a la prevención de incendios. Se modelizó la producción de las especies más interesantes. Como resultado principal se demostró la elevada diversidad fúngica asociada a estos ecosistemas, respaldando el interés de conservación de estos hábitats. Como conclusión general se deduce que el manejo adecuado de estas áreas produciría importantes beneficios económicos derivados del aprovechamiento micológico en estos ecosistemas que tradicionalmente han sido considerados improductivos y generalmente se encuentran en zonas rurales económicamente desfavorecidas.

ABSTRACT This study analyzed the regional concentration of the gross production value (GPV) of firewood in Paraíba from 1994 to 2014. It measured the concentration by means of the Concentration Ratio [CR(k)] of the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), Theil’s Entropy (E), the Hall-Tindelman Index (HTI), and the Gini Index (G). From the analyses performed, it was concluded that there was growth in the GPV of firewood in Paraíba from R$ 2.59 million to R$ 10.39 million (in current terms). The CR(4) and CR(8) of the municipalities indicated low concentration; the CR(4) in the microregions presented a moderately low concentration, and the CR(8) had moderately high concentration. The HHI of the municipalities and microregions has a competitive market, and the HHI of the mesoregions has moderate concentration; E corroborated the evidence of HHI; HTI presented low regional concentration; G showed medium to strong inequality for mesoregions, weak to medium in microregions and zero to weak in municipalities.

RESUMO Este artigo analisou os efeitos da distribuição espacial do Valor Bruto de Produção da lenha no Nordeste por meio da abordagem exploratória de dados espaciais, no período de 1994 a 2013. Identificou clusters espaciais na produção de lenha por meio das matrizes de ponderação espacial de 2 vizinhos mais próximos e a de contiguidade, convenções “rainha” e “torre”. A partir das análises, concluiu-se que: há autocorrelação positiva no VBP da lenha; O cluster espacial do tipo alto-alto foi formado, predominantemente pela região baiana; O cluster espacial do tipo alto-alto, considerando a matriz de ponderação Per Área, foi composto por mesorregiões do Ceará e Pernambuco; O cluster espacial do tipo baixo-baixo foi constituído por mesorregiões de Sergipe e Alagoas; e o cluster do tipo baixo-baixo, considerando a matriz de ponderação Per Área, foi formado pelas regiões de Sergipe, Alagoas e Piauí.

ABSTRACT This paper analyzed the effects of the spatial distribution of the firewood gross production value (GPV) of northeast Brazil through an exploratory approach using spatial data for the period from 1994 to 2013. Identification of spatial clusters in firewood production through the spatial weighting matrices of 2 nearest neighbors and “queen” and “rook” contiguity matrices were used. Based on the analyses, the following can be concluded: there is a positive autocorrelation for firewood GPV; the high-high spatial cluster was formed predominantly in the Bahia region; the high-high spatial cluster, which considers the weight matrix per area, was composed of the Ceará and Pernambuco mesoregions; the low-low spatial cluster consisted of the Sergipe and Alagoas mesoregions; and the low-low cluster, which considers the weight matrix per area, was formed by the Sergipe, Alagoas and Piauí regions.

Abstract We analyzed the relationships between the most outstanding criteria used by the Managers of Ecuador in their companies, in relation to decision making, the purpose of this study, is to focus on different alternatives, to improve business decision based on application of a methodology that allows us to rank and select the most useful. Proposed comparisons were made within the model called Hierarchical Analytical Process AHP, the model uses the hierarchical analysis, in which the most relevant alternative will be quantified, considering a group of criteria, for which we have started a survey applied to 186 managers of public and private Ecuadorian companies, this allowed us to select, based on their results, the alternatives according to the criteria compared, thus identifying the characteristics of the managerial decision based on the selection of the best alternative of importance in relation to the criteria. For this, we apply a Program designed to make Multicriteria Decisions, which is a useful tool to determine an appropriate alternative in choosing the best decision.

Resumen El presente estudio analiza las relaciones existentes entre los criterios más destacados que utilizan los Gerentes del Ecuador en sus empresas, en relación con la toma de decisiones, el propósito, es poner atención en diferentes alternativas, para mejorar la decisión empresarial en base a la aplicación de una metodología que permita jerarquizar y seleccionar la más útil. Se realizó comparaciones propuestas dentro del modelo denominado Proceso Analítico Jerárquico AHP, que utiliza el análisis jerárquico, en el cual, se cuantificará, la alternativa más relevante, considerando un grupo de criterios, para lo cual, hemos partido de una encuesta aplicada a 186 gerentes de empresas ecuatorianas públicas y privadas, lo que nos permitió, seleccionar en base a sus resultados, las alternativas en función de los criterios comparados, logrando con ello identificar las características de la decisión gerencial en base a la selección de la mejor alternativa de importancia en relación a los criterios. Para esto, aplicamos un software diseñado para la toma de Decisiones Multicriterio, que es una herramienta útil para determinar una alternativa adecuada en la elección de la mejor decisión.

Abstract: Callyntra Solier, 1836 is an endemic genus of Chile and Argentina which contains 22 described species. Based on adult specimens and an egg from the coast of central Chile, C. tortuosa sp. nov. is described. The relationship with other species of Callyntra, morphological variability, sexual dimorphism and conservation status are discussed.

Resumen: Callyntra Solier, 1836 es un género endémico de Chile y Argentina que contiene 22 especies descritas. Con base en ejemplares adultos y un huevo recolectados en la costa de Chile central, se describe C. tortuosa sp. nov. Se discute la relación con otras especies de Callyntra, la variabilidad morfológica, el dimorfismo sexual y su estado de conservación.

Abstract Gastric cancer is considered to be the fifth highest incident tumor worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer deaths. Developing regions report a higher number of sporadic cases, but there are only a few local studies related to hereditary cases of gastric cancer in Brazil to confirm this fact. CDH1 germline mutations have been described both in familial and sporadic cases, but there is only one recent molecular description of individuals from Brazil. In this study we performed Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) to assess CDH1 germline mutations in individuals who match the clinical criteria for Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer (HDGC), or who exhibit very early diagnosis of gastric cancer. Among five probands we detected CDH1 germline mutations in two cases (40%). The mutation c.1023T > G was found in a HDGC family and the mutation c.1849G > A, which is nearly exclusive to African populations, was found in an early-onset case of gastric adenocarcinoma. The mutations described highlight the existence of gastric cancer cases caused by CDH1 germline mutations in northern Brazil, although such information is frequently ignored due to the existence of a large number of environmental factors locally. Our report represent the first CDH1 mutations in HDGC described from Brazil by an NGS platform.

In order to determine the profile of leptin and insulin values in seminal plasma and their correlations with sperm patterns during the peripuberty, a total of 16 crossbred Gyr dairy bulls were monitored from 60 days before to 60 days after puberty, separated into two groups, early and regular, according to the onset of puberty. Hormone values were determined by radioimmunoassay after gel filtration in fast performance liquid chromatography and semen patterns, according to the Brazilian College of Animal Reproduction. Insulin concentrations in seminal plasma did not differ between groups, nor between the ages, with the pooling of the data showing average of 35.15±16.93, 36.60±26.21, 26.82±09.81, and 43.56±31.71 32.24±16.71 U/mL for the pubertal period of -60, -30, 0, +30 and +60 days, respectively. These values were not correlated with sperm parameters, but differed in the group of animals with the highest percentage of major defects (31.08±18.58 U/mL) compared with those with lower percentage of these sperm defects (40.01±25.37 U/mL). Leptin was not correlated with sperm parameters and did not differ between groups or stage of sexual development, with concentrations of 23.10±10.43, 24.35±9.42, 22.41±9.90, 23.76±9.69 and 24.99±11.42 ng/mL for the periods of puberty aforementioned, respectively, after being grouped. These results demonstrated the binding of insulin to the structural quality of the sperm cell, and this hormone is indicated in andrologycal evaluation of future breeding soundness.